Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser

What it is

The Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser is a specific laser which targets various types of pigment in the skin, and is used to lighten pigmented lesions and tattoos. It uses two energy frequencies: 1064 nm to target deeper skin layers, and 532 nm to address more superficial ones. Q-switching is a technique by which a laser is made to produce a pulsed output beam with a higher peak power than the same laser would produce running continuously.

What it treats

It is used to treat freckles, lentigines, age spots, melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and tattoos. Used for tattoos, it acts most effectively against darker inks; green and yellow ink may respond less. The laser targets the ink pigment and breaks it into smaller particles through powerful bursts of energy; the ink is then absorbed into the bloodstream and eventually expelled from the body.

Another popular indication is laser toning, to improve tone and give firmness to the skin. A carbon peel can also be done using this laser.

What to expect

The area to be treated is numbed by applying a topical anaesthetic cream for 45 minutes to an hour. You will be given protective eyewear. The laser is then guided across the treatment area to deliver bursts of energy. Some discomfort can occur at this stage, but most patients handle the procedure very well.

Afterwards

There will be redness, mild swelling and crusting of the treated area. Do not pick at the lesions; allow the scab to heal on its own. Use moisturisers liberally three times a day. Strict sun protection and the use of sunscreens for a week are advised. Avoid cosmetics and medical creams for a week, or as your dermatologist directs.

How many sittings

This depends on the condition being treated. On average you may need four to six sittings, once a month. For tattoo removal you may need up to ten sittings. The result also depends on the diagnosis, on the cause of the pigmentation and on your skin type, and it varies from person to person.